Rightly Guided Khilafat

“Anas (radi Allahu anhu) narrated that the people of Banu Mustaliq sent him to the Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) to ascertain to whom they should pay Zakat after him. The Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) said, ‘Pay to Abu Bakr.’ Anas (radi Allahu anhu) told them what the Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) had said. They again sent him to enquire as to whom they should pay the Zakat to if something happened to Abu Bakr. The Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) said, ‘Then pay to Umar.’ When Anas (radi Allahu anhu) informed them, they again sent him back to the Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) to find out whom they should pay Zakat to after Umar. The Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) said, ‘Then pay to Uthman.’ Anas (radi Allahu anhu) conveyed the reply of the Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam). They once more sent him to the Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) to ask whom they should pay Zakat to if something happened to Uthman. The Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) said, ‘There will be chaos after him.’” [Hakim]

In this hadith the order of the first three Successors (Khulafa) of the Prophet of Allah (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) are indicated: i.e. Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman (radi Allahu anhum). The hadith also foretells the fitnah that will befall the Ummah with the death of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu). The following hadith sheds light on the Khilafat of Ali (radi Allahu anhu) as also being included in the period of the Khilafat-e-Rashidah (rightly guided Khilafat):

Rasul Allah (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) said: “Khilafat will continue for thirty years after nubuwwat (prophethood), then it will change into kingship.” [Hakim]

This time limit ends with Ali’s Khilafat because the period of Abu Bakr’s Khilafat was of about two years, then Umar’s was of about ten years, then Uthman’s was of about twelve years and the Khilafat of Ali was of about six years. If the Khilafat of Hasan (radi Allahu anhu) is counted then the thirty years period is fully completed. Shah Waliullah (may Allah have mercy on him) of Delhi has given 370 ahadith regarding Khilafat-e-Rashidah in his famous book, “Izalatul Khafa,” which can be consulted for more details. [The Pious Caliphs by Dr Majid Ali Khan]

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